In most cases, circuits used for television transmissions are
provided by the Administrations, although in some countries broadcasting
organizations own all or part of the circuits within national boundaries.
.PP
\fR
The routine maintenance of circuits used for transmissions between two
or more countries requires the closest cooperation between the
Administrations/broadcasting organizations that provide the circuit sections.
.PP
It is recommended that routine maintenance measurements be carried out
each month on permanently installed terrestrial circuits.
.PP
This Recommendation applies also for routine test transmission over
leased satellite circuits for television transmissions directed to TVROs not
related to an ITC.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBTest signal elements\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Diagrams of the different test\(hysignal elements as defined in CCIR Recommendation\
567\ [1] are given in Annex\ A; the titles of those test\(hysignal
elements with the reference designations are given below:
.RT
.LP
Field\ bar
Signal\ A
Figures\ A\(hy1/N.73 and A\(hy2/N.73
.LP
Sine\(hysquared\ pulse
Signal\ B1
Figures\ A\(hy3/N.73 and A\(hy4/N.73
.LP
Luminance\ bar
Signal\ B2\ or, B3
Figures\ A\(hy3/N.73 and A\(hy4/N.73
.LP
Multiburst
Signal\ C
Figures\ A\(hy5/N.73 and A\(hy6/N.73
.LP
Staircase
Signal\ D1 and D2
Figures\ A\(hy7/N.73 and A\(hy8/N.73
.LP
Composite pulse
Signal\ F
Figures\ A\(hy9/N.73 and A\(hy10/N.73
.LP
Chrominance\ bar
Signal\ G1\ (625\(hylines only)
Figure\ A\(hy11/N.73
.LP
Three\ level\ chrominance\ bar
Signal\ G2\ (625\(hylines
only)
Figure\ A\(hy11/N.73
.LP
Three\ level\ chrominance\ bar
Signal\ G\ (525\(hylines
only)
Figure\ A\(hy12/N.73
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBTest equipment\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.1
\fIGenerators\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
CCIR Recommendation\ 473\ [2] defines the insertion test signals
required for measurement purposes. The assembly of test signal elements
in test lines is also referred to in Recommendation\ N.67 and most modern
test
signal generators can originate the test signals, either as insertion test
signals or as full\(hyfield test signals. In the latter mode measurements
can be carried out at standard values of average picture level (APL).
.PP
The assembly of test signal elements in the test lines is sufficient for
the measurement of the large majority of television circuit parameters,
that is, distortions occurring at line frequency and above. However, additional
test\ signals are needed for low and very low\(hyfrequency measurements. A
field bar
is required for the measurement of
field time
distortions
and, for the measure
ment\ of long\(hytime waveform distortion, a signal is required
which\ is switched at intervals of a few seconds
between low and high APLs. (For further details see CCIR
Report\ 636\ [3].)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2
\fIMeasurement equipment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The measurement equipment may consist of:
.RT
.LP
\(em
an oscilloscope or television waveform monitor with
additional equipment for making nonlinearity
\fR measurements
.FS
A line selector for selecting insertion
test lines for display with older type waveform monitors or
oscilloscopes is commercially available.
.FE
;
.LP
.bp
.LP
\(em
modern television waveform monitors equipped with
line\(hyselection and means for measuring nonlinearity
distortion;
.LP
\(em
automatic measurement equipment.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBMeasurement definitions\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
CCIR Recommendations 567 [1] and 569 [4] define the
measurements that may be made on television circuits. There are slight
differences in the way certain similar parameters are defined, for example,
insertion gain and luminance bar amplitude, and differences in the way the
results are expressed, for example, luminance bar amplitude and luminance
bar amplitude error. To standardize routine maintenance measurements, it
is
recommended that the definitions given in Recommendation\ 569 [4] be used for
maintenance purposes whenever possible. The results are then easier to
analyze because the result of a measurement is zero for an undistorted
parameter.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBAccess points\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Measurements are taken at television signal access points which are well\(hydefined
points associated with the input and output of a television
circuit. To suit the characteristics of the measurement equipment, the
standard level/impedance at the access point should be 1 volt peak\(hyto\(hypeak
into 75\ ohms. The return loss at the access point shall be better than
30\ dB.
.PP
The access point may be the point of interconnection or may be
connected to it by a distortion\(hyfree circuit having zero loss or gain.
.PP
For flexibility, and to ensure that measured parameters are comparable
to transmission parameters, it is necessary that the interconnection system
in the ITC should handle programme and test signals in the same way. Figure\
1/N.73 shows one method of realizing that objective.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 18P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1/N.73, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB6\fR \fBRoutine verification of test equipment\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
To ensure that test equipment errors will not lead to incorrect
adjustment of a television circuit, the test equipment should be verified
regularly.
.PP
The connection between the test signal generator and the measurement equipment,
via the interconnection system, should be verified at intervals of, say,
three months and the results should be within the limits given in
Table\ 1/N.73.
.RT
.LP
.sp 2
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [T1.73]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 1/N.73
.ce
\fBLimits for measurement chains\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(120p) | cw(36p) .
Parameter Limits
_
.T&
lw(120p) | lw(36p) .
Luminance bar amplitude error \(+- 1 |
_
.T&
lw(120p) | lw(36p) .
Bar tilt/Base line distortion \(+- 1 |
_
.T&
lw(120p) | lw(36p) .
2T pulse/bar ratio error \(+- 2 |
_
.T&
lw(120p) | lw(36p) .
Peak differential gain \(+- 1 |
_
.T&
lw(120p) | lw(36p) .
Peak differential phase \(+- 1\(de
_
.T&
lw(120p) | lw(36p) .
{
Chrominance/luminance gain inequality
} \(+- 2 |
_
.T&
lw(120p) | lw(36p) .
{
Chrominance/luminance delay inequality
} \(+- 5 ns
_
.T&
lw(120p) | lw(36p) .
{
Signal\(hyto\(hycontinuous\(hynoise ratio (unified weighted)
} \(>=" 65 dB
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTable 1/N.73 [T1.73], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
.sp 2
\fB7\fR \fBMaintenance limits\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The figures given in Table 2/N.73 showing the maintenance limits
are based on the design objectives for hypothetical reference circuits
given in CCIR Recommendation\ 567\ [1] but refer to international television
circuits,
nominally one\(hythird of the length of the hypothetical reference circuit,
between terminal ITCs which are normally in adjacent countries. These limits
are expected to apply for most of the time but may be exceeded for part
of the time. Hence, maintenance staff must exercise judgement on the action
to be
taken when a circuit is outside the maintenance limits for any parameter. If
the results are well outside the limits, for example, if the error is greater
than twice the limit value or the signal\(hyto\(hynoise ratio is 3\ dB
worse than the limit value, the fault should be located and corrected.
On the other hand, if the limits are only exceeded by a relatively small
amount, corrective action
should not be carried out unless a given parameter exceeds the maintenance
limits in two successive months.
.PP
Maintenance limits for circuit sections which are different in length and
construction from the circuit section equal to one third of the
hypothetical reference circuit may be derived by the application of the
Laws of Addition specified in CCIR Recommendation\ 567\ [1] to the limits
quoted in
Table\ 2/N.73, but the precautions in \(sc\ 10 should be noted.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
BLANC
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [1T2.73]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2/N.73
.ce
\fBMaintenance limits for permanent international television circuits\fR
.ce
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(24p) | cw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
Item (Note 12) Parameter Test waveform(s) Maintenance limits
_
.T&
lw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | lw(24p) .
525 625
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
\ 1 {
Luminance bar\(hyerror
(Note 1)
} B2 or B3 \(+- 11 IRE units \(+- 11 | (\(+- 1 dB)
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
\ 2 {
Variation of luminance bar\(hyerror
(e.g. 1 s)
} B2 or B3 \(+- 3 IRE units \(+- 2 | (\(+- 0.2 dB)
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
\ 3 {
Variation of luminance bar\(hyerror
(e.g. 1 hour)
} B2 ou B3 \(+- 8 IRE units \(+- 11 | (\(+- 1 dB)
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
\ 4 {
Signal\(hyto\(hycontinuous\(hyweighted\(hynoise ratio
} {
No input signal
(Notes 1, 3)
or
\*Qquiet\*U line
(Notes 2, 4)
} \(>=" 56 dB \(>=" 52 dB (Note 10)
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
\ 5 {
Signal\(hyto\(hyperiodic\(hynoise ratio (power supply frequency
\(em0.1 kHz)
(Note 2)
} No input signal \(>=" 35 dB (Note 5)
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
\ 6 {
Signal\(hyto\(hyperiodic\(hynoise ratio (1 kHz \(em \fIf\fI
)
(Note 2)
} No input signal \(>=" 55 dB
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
\ 7 {
Signal to impulsive noise ratio
(Note 2)
} No input signal \(>=" 25 dB
_
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(96p) | cw(54p) | lw(30p) | lw(24p) , ^ | ^ | ^ | l s.
3 | 10 | {
(Note 6)
\ 9
Chrominance gain non\(hylinearity
(Note 2)
G ou G2
}
_
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(96p) | cw(54p) | lw(30p) | lw(24p) , ^ | ^ | ^ | l s.
4 | 7 | {
(Note 6)
10
Chrominance phase non\(hylinearity
(Note 2)
G ou G2
}
_
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(96p) | cw(54p) | lw(30p) | lw(24p) , ^ | ^ | ^ | l s.
4\(de 5\(de {
(Note 6)
11
Peak differential gain
(Note 1)
D2
}
_
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(96p) | cw(54p) | lw(30p) | lw(24p) , ^ | ^ | ^ | l s.
\(+- 10 | \(+- 8 | {
(Note 6)
12
Peak differential phase
(Note 1)
D2
}
_
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(96p) | cw(54p) | lw(30p) | lw(24p) , ^ | ^ | ^ | l s.
\(+- 3\(de \(+- 5\(de (Note 6)
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
13 {
Chrominance\(hyluminance intermodulation
(Notes 1, 2)
} G or G2 \(+- 3 | (Note 6)
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
14 {
Sync. amplitude error
(Note 1)
} (Note 7) \(+- 10 | (Note 6)
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
15 {
Long\(hytime waveform distortion
(Note 2)
} \*QBump\*U signal {
40 |
(Notes 13, 14)
\fBH.T. [2T2.73]\fR
}
_
.T&
rw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
{
TABLE\ 2/N.73\ \fI(cont.)\fR
}
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
Item (Note 12) Parameter Test waveform(s) Maintenance limits
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
16 {
Field\(hytime waveform distortion
(Note 2)
} A (Note 11) \(+- 2 | \(+- 6 |
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
17 {
Line\(hytime waveform distortion (Note\ 2)
Bar tilt (Note\ 1)
} B2 or B3 \(+- 1 | \(+- 3 |
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
18 {
Base line distortion (Note\ 1)
} B2 or B3 \(+- 1% \(+- 3%
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
19 {
2T pulse/bar ratio error (Note\ 1)
} B1 and B2 or B3 \(+- 6 | \(+- 8 |
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
20 {
Short\(hytime waveform distortion
(Note 2)
} B1 {
1\us\d\ut\d adjacent lobe
6 |
2\un\d\ud\d adjacent lobe
3 |
}
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
21 {
Gain/frequency characteristic
(Note 2)
} C (Note 8) \(+- 1 dB +1.5 dB to \(em1 dB
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
22 {
Chrominance\(hyluminance gain inequality
(Note 1)
} B2 or B3 and G, G 2 or F \(+- 10 | \(+- 10 |
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
23 {
Chrominance\(hyluminance delay inequality
(Note 1)
} F \(+- 80 ns (Note 9)
.TE
.LP
\fINote 1\fR
\ \(em\ As defined in CCIR Recommendation 569 [4].
.LP
\fINote 2\fR
\ \(em\ As defined in CCIR Recommendation 567 [1].
.LP
\fINote 3\fR
\ \(em\ Noise measured via unified weighting filter and low and
high pass filters specified in Annex II to Part C of CCIR
Recommendation\ 567 [1].
.LP
\fINote 4\fR
\ \(em\ Noise measured on line(s) allocated for noise measurement
with weighting network and filters as given in Note\ 3 plus a chrominance
frequency notch filter as specified in CCIR Recommendation\ 569 [4].
.LP
\fINote 5\fR
\ \(em\ The maintenance limits refer to circuits without clamps.
When clamps are used the maintenance limits are \(>="\ 50\ dB.
.LP
\fINote 6\fR
\ \(em\ Measured at APLs of 10% and 90%.
.LP
\fINote 7\fR
\ \(em\ Video signal containing synchronizing signals with normal
amplitude.
.LP
\fINote 8\fR
\ \(em\ Measurements on C2 may be referred to C1 taking account of
any difference in the amplitude of the two elements. The results of this test may conflict with those obtained with test waveforms. If this occurs the
waveform results should be considered to be definitive.
.LP
\fINote 9\fR
\ \(em\ The value is positive if the luminance component leads the
chrominance component.
.LP
\fINote 10\fR
\ \(em\ Further data is required to consider amendment to this
figure.
.LP
\fINote 11\fR
\ \(em\ A window signal is specified in CCIR Recommendation\ 567 [1]
for use on 525\(hyline systems. Test results are required before limits for this signal can be included. Use of this signal should be noted in the measurement results.
.LP
\fINote 12\fR
\ \(em\ Routine measurements made at regular intervals may be limited to
less than the complete list of items given in Table\ 2/N.73 by agreement between the Administrations concerned.
.LP
\fINote 13\fR
\ \(em\ The value is provisional and for further study.
.LP
\fINote 14\fR
\ \(em\ The maintenance limit applies to testing a circuit without
clamping. This is the preferred method of measurement. When clamps are used,
the maintenance limit is 6%.
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTable 2/N.73 [1T2.73], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [2T2.73]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2/N.73\ \fI(cont.)\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(24p) | cw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
Item (Note 12) Parameter Test waveform(s) Maintenance limits
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
16 {
Field\(hytime waveform distortion
(Note 2)
} A (Note 11) \(+- 2 | \(+- 6 |
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
17 {
Line\(hytime waveform distortion (Note\ 2)
Bar tilt (Note\ 1)
} B2 or B3 \(+- 1 | \(+- 3 |
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
18 {
Base line distortion (Note\ 1)
} B2 or B3 \(+- 1% \(+- 3%
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
19 {
2T pulse/bar ratio error (Note\ 1)
} B1 and B2 or B3 \(+- 6 | \(+- 8 |
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
20 {
Short\(hytime waveform distortion
(Note 2)
} B1 {
1\us\d\ut\d adjacent lobe
6 |
2\un\d\ud\d adjacent lobe
3 |
}
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
21 {
Gain/frequency characteristic
(Note 2)
} C (Note 8) \(+- 1 dB +1.5 dB to \(em1 dB
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(30p) | cw(24p) .
22 {
Chrominance\(hyluminance gain inequality
(Note 1)
} B2 or B3 and G, G 2 or F \(+- 10 | \(+- 10 |
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(96p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
23 {
Chrominance\(hyluminance delay inequality
(Note 1)
} F \(+- 80 ns (Note 9)
.TE
.LP
\fINote 1\fR
\ \(em\ As defined in CCIR Recommendation 569 [4].
.LP
\fINote 2\fR
\ \(em\ As defined in CCIR Recommendation 567 [1].
.LP
\fINote 3\fR
\ \(em\ Noise measured via unified weighting filter and low and
high pass filters specified in Annex II to Part C of CCIR
Recommendation\ 567 [1].
.LP
\fINote 4\fR
\ \(em\ Noise measured on line(s) allocated for noise measurement
with weighting network and filters as given in Note\ 3 plus a chrominance
frequency notch filter as specified in CCIR Recommendation\ 569 [4].
.LP
\fINote 5\fR
\ \(em\ The maintenance limits refer to circuits without clamps.
When clamps are used the maintenance limits are \(>="\ 50\ dB.
.LP
\fINote 6\fR
\ \(em\ Measured at APLs of 10% and 90%.
.LP
\fINote 7\fR
\ \(em\ Video signal containing synchronizing signals with normal
amplitude.
.LP
\fINote 8\fR
\ \(em\ Measurements on C2 may be referred to C1 taking account of
any difference in the amplitude of the two elements. The results of this test may conflict with those obtained with test waveforms. If this occurs the
waveform results should be considered to be definitive.
.LP
\fINote 9\fR
\ \(em\ The value is positive if the luminance component leads the
chrominance component.
.LP
\fINote 10\fR
\ \(em\ Further data is required to consider amendment to this
figure.
.LP
\fINote 11\fR
\ \(em\ A window signal is specified in CCIR Recommendation\ 567 [1]
for use on 525\(hyline systems. Test results are required before limits for this signal can be included. Use of this signal should be noted in the measurement results.
.LP
\fINote 12\fR
\ \(em\ Routine measurements made at regular intervals may be limited to
less than the complete list of items given in Table\ 2/N.73 by agreement between the Administrations concerned.
.LP
\fINote 13\fR
\ \(em\ The value is provisional and for further study.
.LP
\fINote 14\fR
\ \(em\ The maintenance limit applies to testing a circuit without
clamping. This is the preferred method of measurement. When clamps are used,
the maintenance limit is 6%.
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTable 2/N.73 (cont.) [2T2.73], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB8\fR \fBSchedule for routine maintenance measurements\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
\fR The performance of routine maintenance measurements between two
ITCs requires adherence to routine procedures and a due regard to the allocated
time. Tests (Table\ 3/N.73) should start at a scheduled time (\fIZ\fR )
which has
been agreed between the Administrations/broadcasting organizations concerned
and should progress in accordance with the fixed timetable. This will give
adequate time for measurements to be repeated if there is a possibility that
one or more circuit parameters are outside tolerance limits.
.PP
It is necessary for the maintenance staff to book the routine
maintenance period with the programme booking centre (PBC) on a regular
basis so that the PBC can intervene when bookings are made for programme
transmissions at the same time, and propose a different period for the
routine maintenance measurements.
.PP
The test schedule shown in Table\ 3/N.73 should be used by the
sub\(hycontrol station at the sending end of the circuit unless there is a
specific agreement between the Administrations/broadcasting organizations
concerned to use a different test schedule.
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [T3.73]\fR
.ce
TABLE 3/N.73
.ce
\fBSchedule for routine maintenance measurements\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(60p) | cw(90p) | cw(48p) .
Duration Operation Signal
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
{
\fIZ\fR
to \fIZ\fR
+ 5 min
} Check level B2 or B3
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
{
\fIZ\fR
+ 5 to \fIZ\fR
+ 10 min
} {
Measurement of linear distortions (APL\ low)
} Test lines
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
{
\fIZ\fR
+ 10 to \fIZ\fR
+ 15 min
} {
Measurement of nonlinear distortions (APL\ low)
} Test lines
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
{
\fIZ\fR
+ 15 to \fIZ\fR
+ 20 min
} {
Measurement of nonlinear distortions (APL\ high)
} Test lines
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
{
\fIZ\fR
+ 20 to \fIZ\fR
+ 25 min
} Measurement of noise None
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
{
\fIZ\fR
+ 25 to \fIZ\fR
+ 30 min
} {
Measurement of field\(hytime waveform distortion
} A
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
{
\fIZ\fR
+ 30 to \fIZ\fR
+ 35 min
} {
Measurement of long\(hytime waveform distortion
} \*QBump\*U
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
{
\fIZ\fR
+ 35 to \fIZ\fR
+ 95 min
} {
Variation of luminance bar amplitude
} B2 or B3
.TE
.LP
\fINote\fR
\ \(em\ \fIZ\fR
\ is the agreed time to commence the tests.
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\fBTable 3/N.73 [T3.73], p.\fR
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\fB9\fR \fBMaintenance of international television circuits\fR
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.PP
In general the programme booking centre (PBC) will not know when
permanent connections are in use for programme transmissions and the agreement
of the customer must be obtained before such connections are interrupted
in
ITCs to carry out maintenance on a circuit.
.RT
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\fB10\fR \fBMaintenance of international television circuits, links and
connections\fR
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.PP
International television circuits, links and connections will
comprise chains of circuit sections, both national and international, connected
in tandem, which are maintained and may be leased as separate entities.
Each of these circuit sections may have suitable maintenance limits derived
as quoted in \(sc\ 7.
.bp
.PP
The
Laws of Addition
may also be used to derive expected
performance limits for such chains but precautions are necessary in the
use of such limits for maintenance purposes. It is possible that the overall
response of the circuit, link or connection may fail to meet the calculated
performance expected, even though the response of each circuit section
comprising the
chain meets the individual maintenance limits used for the calculation
of the overall response. In such cases the calculated response of the chain
can only be used as a guide to the expected overall response on the initial
lining up, unless additional overall equalizers are employed.
.PP
There is also the possibility that the difference between the actual and
the calculated overall response of the chain can vary with time, even
though the responses of the individual circuit sections remain within their
respective maintenance limits.
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ANNEX\ A
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(to Recommendation N.73)
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\fBTest signal elements\fR
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.PP
An indication of the signal elements required to carry out the tests mentioned
in this Recommendation is given below in the form of figures. Preferred
assemblies for insertion test signals are given in
Recommendation\ N.67.
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\fBFigure A\(hy1/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure A\(hy2/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure A\(hy3/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure A\(hy4/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure A\(hy5/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure A\(hy6/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure\ A\(hy7/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure A\(hy8/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure A\(hy9/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure A\(hy10/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBFigure A\(hy11/N.73, p.\fR
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.ad r
\fBFigure\ A\(hy12/N.73, p.\fR
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\fBReferences\fR
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[1]
CCIR Recommendation \fITelevision performance of television circuits\fR
\fIdesigned for use in international connections,\fR Vol.\ XII, Rec.\ 567, ITU,
Geneva,\ 1986.
.LP
[2]
CCIR Recommendation \fIInsertion of test signals in the field blanking\fR
\fIinterval of monochrome and colour television signals,\fR Vol.\ XII,
Rec.\ 473, ITU, Geneva,\ 1986.
.LP
[3]
CCIR Report \fILong\(hytime waveform distortion in long distance television\fR
\fIcircuits,\fR Vol.\ XII, Rec.\ 636, ITU, Geneva,\ 1986.
.LP
[4]
CCIR Recommendation \fIDefinitions of parameters simplified for automatic\fR
\fImeasurement of televison insertion test signals,\fR Vol.\ XII,